Last updated: February 15, 2024. Click here to view log of changes to our data and website.

COVID-19 living
network meta-analysis

Drugs, antibodies, and cellular therapies for
treatment and prophylaxis against COVID-19

Drug
Treatments

Corticosteroids, interleukin-6 inhibitors receptor antagonists, and janus kinase inhibitors probably reduce mortality and confer other important benefits in patients with severe covid-19. Molnupiravir probably reduces admission to hospital in patients with non-severe covid-19.

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163k

Patients

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463

studies

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180

Interventions

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19

outcomes

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76.6k

Patients

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1968

studies

image__patients

84

Interventions

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19

outcomes

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166K

Patients

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259

studies

image__patients

40

Interventions

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08

outcomes

Select an intervention or specify a treatment comparison to view the summary of findings table

View efficacy and safety of all drug treatments compared to standard care

Prophylaxis

Much of the evidence remains very low certainty and we therefore anticipate future studies evaluating drugs for prophylaxis may change the results for SARS-CoV-2 infection, admission to hospital and mortality outcomes. Both hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase adverse effects.

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24k

Patients

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32

studies

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17

Interventions

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6

outcomes

Select an intervention or specify a treatment comparison to view the summary of findings table

View efficacy and safety of all prophylactic interventions compared to standard care

Antibodies &
Cellular Therapies

There is no clear effect of bamlanivimab, convalescent plasma, or IVIG on patient- important outcomes. Properly evaluating the safety and efficacy of humoral and cellular therapies for the treatment of covid-19 will requires data from additional large randomised trials.

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16k

Patients

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46

studies

image__patients

14

Interventions

image__patients

16

outcomes

Select an intervention or specify a treatment comparison to view the summary of findings table

View efficacy and safety of all antibodies and cellular therapies compared to standard care

Spreadsheet for GRADE assessment of NMA

A tool that facilitates assessment of the certainty of the evidence with the GRADE approach for NMA. The spreadsheet incorporates automation of several of the steps required to complete the assessment.

Download GRADE Assessment Spreadsheet

This website provides up-to-date information about the use of pharmaceuticals, antiviral antibodies, and blood products in treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The evidence presented is the joint effort of an international group of researchers. The core group is based at McMaster University, and collaborates closely with the Magic Evidence Ecosystem Foundation and The BMJ. We also work independently of, but in collaboration with, The World Health Organization. This work is partially funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research operating grants VR4-172738 and MM1-174897.

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